Implementation Of Environmental Management System And Pro-Environmental Behaviour To Achieve Sustainable Industrial Performance For Hotels

ABSTRAK The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world of tourism, especially in the hotel industry. Movement and travel restrictions, changes in human behaviour while traveling, as well as the existence of several regulations from the central government of Indonesia and local governments affect tourist visits and occupancy rates in hotels. As in large and star hotels, small hotels and non-star hotels have also been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in East Java Province, Indonesia, involving 161 non-star hotels during the data collection period in March and April 2019, namely in the early months of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The measurement parameters for the independent variables are Environmental Management System (EMS) and Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB), while the dependent variable is Sustainable Industry Performance. Research analysis using Smart-PLS 2.0. The conclusions of this study indicate that in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic the Environmental Management System and Pro-Environmental Behaviour had a significant and positive effect on Economic Sustainability, with the strongest influence being given by Pro-Environmental Behaviour; only Pro-Environmental Behaviour has a significant and positive influence on Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management System and Pro-Environmental Behaviour have a significant and positive influence on Social Sustainability, with the strongest influence exerted by the Environmental Management System.

the regions that experienced the largest decline in tourist arrivals, namely 82% in January-October 2019 (UNWTO, 2019).
The industry has been hit by uncertainty since the COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019. The tourism and hospitality industry as an industry based on human mobility and close interaction is the main recipient industry of the pandemic and its consequences (Gallen, 2019). The existence of travel bans and regulations on social distancing has resulted in a decrease in the willingness of tourists to travel. The effect of this causes tourists to cancel travel plans and hotel bookings. In the end it affects hotel employee income and their job security as many hotels stop operating. The shortage of cash and labour resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has led to delays in hotel renovations (Elena, 2019). In fact, many hotel owners, especially small hotel owners and individuals who temporarily close their hotels change their types of business just to survive. This scenario causes a sharp decline in the value of the hotel sector's stock market. In other words, the pandemic has destroyed the market and the performance of hotel companies.
The implementation of EMS and PEB in the hotel industry is mandatory and some are voluntary. For star hotels with an area of more than one hectare, implementing an EMS regulated by the Indonesian government is a must, even before the hotel is built. However, for small hotels EMS rules are not as strict as large and star hotels. As for PEB, all hotel classes, both star and non-star hotels, are equally voluntary. Indeed, most large hotels make their own policies on the implementation of PEB in their hotels. This is to support the environmental preservation process, in addition to the fact that some PEB measures are things that lead to savings, such as turning off water, electric lights and contingent water when not needed or empty space. The unexpected incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic has made the tourism sector, especially the hotel industry, experience a deep decline. The decline in occupancy rates was followed by a decrease in revenue from hotels. On the other hand, the implementation of EMS and PEB requires several things that need to be done by hotel management, for example: the check and recheck process, management reviews, training for employees. The focus of resources from the hotel management was divided when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. Resources in the form of capital, human resources, time and place that have been well planned have been disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic which was never predicted before.
This study aims to see the implementation of EMS and PEB to achieve SIP in non-star hotels in the first two months of the COVID-19 epidemic. The research location was conducted in the East Java Province of Indonesia. The choice of location in East Java Province is because it is one of the provinces with a high level of tourists and a significant growth in the number of hotels in the last few years, after Bali and DI Yogyakarta.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research method was selected quantitatively by collecting primary data as the main source of data analysis. The reason for choosing quantitative research methods is because the research idea is to study as much as possible in the hotel as one of the tourism industries that implements EMS and PEB. This study tested the existence of a relationship between the two independent variables EMS and PEB which directly affected one dependent variable SIP. The data collected from quantitative research allows for numerical and statistical comparisons. This study looks at the hopes and experiences of implementing EMS and running PEB in the hotel industry in East Java Province, Indonesia in the early months of the Covid-19 epidemic. Data from these respondents reflects personal opinions as a representation of the implementation of EMS and PEB in each hotel because the target respondents are managers.

Figure 1: Research Framework Data Analysis
The data used in this analysis is data obtained from the results of a survey of nonstar hotels in East Java. The total number of respondents was 161 respondents, however after checking there were two respondents rejected. Respondents were categorized as unresponsive respondents and would be excluded from the analysis because they could make the results of the analysis not good, so that the total respondents to be analysed were 159 respondents. All analyses were performed using the Smart PLS 2.0 program.

RESULT ANDDISCUSSION
Testing the measurement model in this study uses generally accepted reference values. In particular, checking the convergent validity and construct validity and reliability, there are several standard references, such as: (1) SFL is Standardized Factor Loading (good criteria: SFL ≥ 0.70 and t-count ≥ 1.64); (2) AVE is Average Variance Extracted (good criteria: AVE ≥ 0.50), and (3) CR is Composite Reliability (good criteria: CR ≥ 0.70).

Structural Model Testing
The Coefficient of Determination and Predictive Relevance test shows that all dimensions have good predictive power (Q2> 0) and at least one of the three dimensions also has a moderate minimum determinant coefficient. This indicates that the indicators for the dimensions of SIP (Economy), SIP (Environmental), and SIP (Social) have been able to explain each dimension well.