Employee Engagement Mediates Self-Efficacy and Perceived Organizational Support on Nurses’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Sulaimiah; Sarifudiin Serif; Harmi Widiana; Zira Wahyu

doi:10.37641/jimkes.v13i6.3991

Authors

Sulaimiah Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
Sarifudiin Serif Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
Harmi Widiana Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
Zira Wahyu Universitas Mataram, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i6.3991

Keywords:

Employee Engagement, Health Centers, Nurses, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Perceived Organizational Support, Self-Efficacy

Abstract

Human resources are vital to organizational success, especially in healthcare, where psychological and organizational factors influence service quality. This study examines how self-efficacy and perceived organizational support affect organizational citizenship behavior through employee engagement among nurses at health centers. The study aims to determine whether engagement mediates the relationship between self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior. Using a quantitative causal associative design, data were collected from 89 nurses and analyzed through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and path analysis, with t-tests and Sobel tests to assess direct and indirect effects. Results show that self-efficacy and perceived organizational support significantly enhance employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior, while engagement mediates both relationships. The findings confirm the role of engagement as a psychological bridge connecting self-efficacy and organizational support to positive extra-role behavior. Health institutions should improve nurses’ self-efficacy through training, mentoring, and recognition programs while maintaining strong organizational support to foster engagement and encourage cooperative, high-quality service behavior.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, M. R., & Wider, W. (2022). The moderating effect of self-efficacy on supervisory support and organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(9), 1–13.

Al-Dossary, R. N. (2022). Leadership style, work engagement and organizational commitment among nurses in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 14(6), 71–81.

Alshaabani, A., Naz, F., Magda, R., & Rudnák, I. (2021). Impact of perceived organizational support on OCB in the time of covid-19 pandemic in Hungary: Employee engagement and affective commitment as mediators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14), 1–12.

Arif, M., Syaifani, P. E., & Siswadi, Y. (2019). Effect of compensation and discipline on employee performance. Proceeding of The 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Business & Economics (UII-ICABE 2019), 45–56.

Armansyah, Tanjung, R., Lestari, A. D., & Herman. (2025). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and OCB among PT. XYZ employees. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3529–3540.

Bedarkar, M., & Pandita, D. (2014). A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133(1), 106–115.

Biriowu, C. S., & Ofurum, U. A. (2020). Employee engagement and organizational survival. World Journal of Innovative Research, 9(5), 79–92.

Boon, C., Jiang, K., & Eckardt, R. (2025). The role of time in strategic human resource management research: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 51(1), 172–211.

Browne, C., & Chun Tie, Y. (2024). Promoting well-being: A scoping review of strategies implemented during the covid-19 pandemic to enhance the well-being of the nursing workforce. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 6(12), 100–113.

Cahya, A. D., Aji, A. W., & Utomo, D. (2021). Pengaruh pengalaman kerja dan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Hari Mukti Teknik. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen & Kesehatan (JIMKES), 9(3), 533–544.

Curiñaupa, C. A. J., Rojas Palma, Y. S., Cajachagua Castro, M., & Huancahuire-Vega, S. (2025). Attitude toward teamwork and work engagement as predictors of job satisfaction in nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 129–140.

Firmansyah, A., Junaedi, I. W. R., Kistyanto, A., & Azzuhri, M. (2022). The effect of perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in public health center during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(5).

Gazi, M. A. I., Yusof, M. F., Islam, M. A., Amin, M. Bin, & Senathirajah, A. R. bin S. (2024). Analyzing the impact of employee job satisfaction on their job behavior in the industrial setting: An analysis from the perspective of job performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), 427–439.

Grego-Planer, D. (2019). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in the public and private sectors. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22), 1–20.

Harsul, W., Irwan, A. M., & Sjattar, E. L. (2020). The relationship between nurse self-efficacy and the culture of patient safety incident reporting in a district general hospital, Indonesia. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(2), 477–481.

Idris, A. S. N., Soetjipto, B. E., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2021). Predicting factors of organizational citizenship behavior in Indonesian nurses. Heliyon, 7(12), 8652–8674.

Imran, M. Y., Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., Ashfaq, F., & Ilyas, S. (2020). Impact of perceived organizational support on work engagement: Mediating mechanism of thriving and flourishing. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 82–95.

Jena, L. K., Pradhan, S., & Panigrahy, N. P. (2018). Pursuit of organisational trust: Role of employee engagement, psychological well-being and transformational leadership. Asia Pacific Management Review, 23(3), 227–234.

Jeong, Y., & Kim, M. (2022). Effects of perceived organizational support and perceived organizational politics on organizational performance: Mediating role of differential treatment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(3), 190–199.

Kao, J. C., Cho, C. C., & Kao, R. H. (2023). Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior–A study of the moderating effect of volunteer participation motivation, and cross-level effect of transformational leadership and organizational climate. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1082130.

Khajoei, R., Jokar, M., & Vasli, P. (2024). Nurses’ experiences of the attributes of the organizational citizenship behavior: a qualitative content analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 538–550.

Lestari, S. D., & Saputra, M. T. H. (2022). The Effect of self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and organizational commitments on employee organizational citizenship behavior at PT Surveyor Indonesia. International Journal of Organizational Business Excellence, 5(2), 23–34.

Li, M., Jameel, A., Ma, Z., Sun, H., Hussain, A., & Mubeen, S. (2022). Prism of employee performance through the means of internal support: A study of perceived organizational support. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15(4), 965–976.

Liu, Z., Chen, C., Cui, H., & Hu, Y. (2023). The relationship between nurses’ social network degree centrality and organizational citizenship behavior: The multiple mediating effects of job satisfaction and work engagement. Heliyon, 9(9), 19612–19623.

Ly, B. (2024). Inclusion leadership and employee work engagement: The role of organizational commitment in Cambodian public organization. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 44–52.

Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., & Joungtrakul, J. (2021). An empirical study on the model of self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior transmitted through employee engagement, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Thai automobile parts manufacturing industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 170–181.

Rahman, M. H. A., & Karim, D. N. (2022). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of work engagement. Heliyon, 8(5), 9450–9452.

Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162–174.

Sary, E. L. M. S., & Aprilia, N. (2025). The relationship between psychological capital and perception of organizational support on employee performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(1), 335–344.

Setyawati, A., Pahrudin, C., Agusinta, L., Sitanggang, R., & Susanto, P. C. (2025). Employee performance through employee engagement in cargo companies. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(2), 1249–1256.

Srivastava, S., & Madan, P. (2016). Understanding the roles of organizational identification, trust and corporate ethical values in employee engagement–organizational citizenship behaviour relationship: A study on Indian managers. Management and Labour Studies, 41(4), 314–330.

Sun, U. Y., Xu, H., Kluemper, D. H., McLarty, B. D., & Yun, S. (2024). Ethical leadership and knowledge sharing: A social cognitive approach investigating the role of self-efficacy as a key mechanism. Journal of Business Research, 174(1), 114531.

Teutsch, D., Frick, E., & Kubitza, J. (2025). What motivates critical care nurses to stay in their job? – Structural aspects for empowering intrinsic motivation in permissive professional contexts: A scoping review. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 88(6), 103–117.

Theodorus, I., Purwati, W. D., & Hilmy, M. R. (2021). Effect of perceived organizational support and organizational justice on nurses’ work engagement with intermediate factors of organizational trust. International Journal: JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 10(3), 241–254.

van Hooft, S., Berger, E., van Torenburg, C., & van Staa, A. L. (2025). Daily routines, short-term priorities, and nurses’ role hamper self-management support in a hospital setting: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 8(6), 102–114.

Wang, J., Liu, S., Qu, X., He, X., Zhang, L., Guo, K., & Zhu, X. (2023). Nurses’ colleague solidarity and job performance: Mediating effect of positive emotion and turnover intention. Safety and Health at Work, 14(3), 309–316.

Wei, H., Horsley, L., Cao, Y., Haddad, L. M., Hall, K. C., Robinson, R., Powers, M., & Anderson, D. G. (2023). The associations among nurse work engagement, job satisfaction, quality of care, and intent to leave: A national survey in the United States. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 10(4), 476–484.

Zarrin, L., Ghafourifard, M., & Sheikhalipour, Z. (2023). Relationship between nurses reflection, self-efficacy and work engagement: A multicenter study. Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(3), 155–162.

Zhang, H., Hoe, V. C. W., & Wong, L. P. (2024). The association between burnout, perceived organizational support, and perceived professional benefits among nurses in China. Heliyon, 10(20), 393–401.

Zheng, J., Feng, S., Gao, R., Gong, X., Ji, X., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Xue, B. (2024). The relationship between organizational support, professional quality of life, decent work, and professional well-being among nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1–10.

Herrysono, J. J. N., & Franksiska, R. (2022). the influence of organization-based self-esteem and employee engagement toward organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 9(1), 18-26.

Sudirman, I. A., & Arninda, A. (2025). The influence of employee engagement and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior among civil servants at UPT Puskesmas Batang Tarang, Sanggau Regency 10000 c. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 8(3), 11291-11303.

Hosniyah, H. (2013). Pengaruh efikasi diri dan kepuasan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (Ocb) Guru SMP Swasta Se Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 23-25.

Sondakh, T., Tumbuan, W. J., & Saerang, R. T. (2024). The influence of perceived organizational support and self-efficacy towards organizational citizenship behavior employees at Sintesa Peninsula Manado Hotel. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 12(03), 833-845.