The Role of Intellectual Capital in Improving Employee Performance through Employee Engagement in the Hybrid Work Era

Budi Hasyim; Aswan; Erick Karunia; Shalahuddin; Muh. Irfandy Azis; Riyans Ardiansyah; Deni Marsha

doi:10.37641/jimkes.v14i1.4613

Authors

Budi Hasyim Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Aswan Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Erick Karunia Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Shalahuddin Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Muh. Irfandy Azis Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Riyans Ardiansyah Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
Deni Marsha Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v14i1.4613

Keywords:

Employee Engagement, Employee Performance, Hybrid Work, Human Resource Management, Intellectual Capital

Abstract

This research is motivated by changes in the post-pandemic work system that have encouraged the implementation of hybrid work in the education sector, requiring organizations to optimally manage intellectual capital while maintaining employee engagement to improve performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital on employee performance, with employee engagement as a mediating variable, in the education industry in North Kalimantan. The research method used a quantitative approach with a survey technique of lecturers and education staff at several universities in North Kalimantan. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Employee engagement has also been shown to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, employee engagement significantly mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and employee performance. These findings confirm that intellectual capital development will have a stronger impact on performance when supported by a high level of employee engagement. This study concludes that integrating intellectual capital management strategies and increasing employee engagement are key to improving performance in the hybrid work era in the education sector.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afifawati, N., Khasanah, L., & Giovanni, A. (2023). Empirical analysis of the impact of intellectual capital on energy sector companies. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 11(2), 487–494.

Alfes, K., Shantz, A., Truss, C., & Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived HRM practices, engagement and employee behaviour: A moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(2), 330–351.

Alfiero, S., Brescia, V., & Giudice, M. D. (2019). Intellectual capital and value creation in the healthcare sector: Evidence from Italian companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(3), 357–379.

Al-dmour, R. H., Al-dmour, H., Masa’deh, R., & Almajali, D. A. (2020). The impact of intellectual capital on organizations’ performance of tourism and hospitality sector in Jordan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(1), 1–12.

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page.

Alrowwad, A., Obeidat, B. Y., Tarhini, A., & Aqqad, N. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance via the mediating role of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 12(3), 214–226.

Anwar, G., & Abdullah, N. N. (2021). The impact of human resource management practice on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(1), 35–47.

Afiqah, N., Purnomo, R., & Andriani, R. (2022). Intellectual capital and organizational performance: Evidence from higher education institutions. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(5), 1885–1900.

Angreni, D. D., & Mahyuni, L. P. (2024). Examining the impact of hybrid work on employee performance and engagement among Generation Z in Indonesia. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 5(6), 1227–1240.

Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31–53.

Bednarska-Wnuk, I. (2021). Employee engagement and organizational performance: A study of mediating effects. Sustainability, 13(4), 2137.

Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: An exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63–76.

Bontis, N., Ciambotti, M., Palazzi, F., & Sgro, F. (2018). Intellectual capital and financial performance in social cooperative enterprises. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 19(4), 712–731.

Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Buenechea-Elberdin, M. (2017). Structured literature review about intellectual capital and innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(2), 262–285.

Carnevale, J. B., & Hatak, I. (2020). Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19. Journal of Business Research, 116, 183–187.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Del Giudice, M., Scuotto, V., Garcia-Perez, A., & Petruzzelli, A. M. (2021). Shifting wealth II in the digital age. Journal of Business Research, 128, 1–12.

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.

Garg, N., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Employee service innovative behavior. International Journal of Manpower, 38(2), 242–258.

Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109–122.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Hsu, I. C., & Sabherwal, R. (2012). Relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge management. Decision Sciences, 43(3), 489–524.

Inkinen, H. (2015). Review of empirical research on intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 518–565.

Jasiyah, R., Suriadi, & Katjina, H. (2025). The role of digital human capital and intellectual capital in strengthening public governance and financial accountability. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(6), 5049–5058.

Jirakraisiri, J., Ussahawanitchakit, P., & Boonlua, S. (2022). Intellectual capital, employee engagement, and firm performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(3), 301–311

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.

Kamukama, N. (2013). Intellectual capital as a competitive advantage. Competitiveness Review, 23(3), 260–283.

Kianto, A., Ritala, P., Spender, J. C., & Vanhala, M. (2017). The interaction of intellectual capital assets. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(4), 846–870.

Kianto, A., Sáenz, J., & Aramburu, N. (2017). Knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 81, 11–20.

Mention, A. L., & Bontis, N. (2013). Intellectual capital and performance within banking. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(2), 286–309.

Nguyen, T. T., Ngo, L. V., Bucic, T., & Phong, N. D. (2022). The role of relational capital in innovation. Journal of Business Research, 139, 1273–1286.

Orgambídez, A., Borrego-Alés, Y., & Vázquez-Aguado, O. (2019). Self-efficacy and organizational commitment. International Nursing Review, 66(3), 381–388.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing indirect effects. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.

Rahman, H., Bin-Nashwan, S. A., & Anwar, I. (2021). The role of intellectual capital in public universities. Sustainability, 13(2), 896.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315.

Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463.

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619.

Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 6(1), 19–38.

Serenko, A. (2022). Knowledge management as an academic discipline. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(9), 207–240.

Soomro, F. A., Afridi, F. K., & Naveed. (2023). Impact of intellectual capital on sustainable organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 4(4), 128–156.

Nasution, S. U. A., & Sibuea, N. (2025). The Role of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Engagement and Organizational Innovation in the Hybrid Work Era. International Journal of Economics (IJEC), 4(1), 707–716.

Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving effective remote working. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59.