The Effect of Digital Well-Being and Green Human Resource Management on Work Engagement: Mediating Effect of Change Readiness

Chintya Ones Charli; Mardhatila Fitri Sopali

doi:10.37641/jimkes.v14i2.4917

Authors

Chintya Ones Charli University Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang, Indonesia
Mardhatila Fitri Sopali University Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v14i2.4917

Keywords:

Change Readiness, Digital Well-Being, Green Human Resource Management, Work Engagement

Abstract

Amid rapid organizational changes and digital transformation, understanding what drives employee engagement is crucial. This study investigates the effects of digital well-being and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on work engagement, with change readiness serving as an intervening variable. A quantitative study was conducted with 175 private-sector employees in Padang City, analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that change readiness has a significant positive effect on work engagement, suggesting that employees who are psychologically prepared for organizational change exhibit higher levels of energy, dedication, and work focus. Furthermore, GHRM shows both direct and indirect effects on work engagement, with change readiness acting as a significant mediating mechanism. This finding highlights the role of green HR practices in strengthening employees’ readiness to adapt to change, which subsequently enhances engagement. In contrast, digital well-being does not demonstrate a significant direct or mediated effect on work engagement in this study. The findings emphasize change readiness as a key psychological mechanism linking sustainable HR practices to positive employee outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the importance of GHRM and change readiness in fostering work engagement and provides practical implications for organizations aiming to enhance employee engagement through sustainable HR strategies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Doghan, M. A. A. (2023). Developing employee productivity and performance through work engagement and organizational factors in an educational society. Societies, 13(3), 65-74.

Abeele, V. M. M., & Nguyen, M. H. (2024). Digital media as ambiguous goods: Examining the digital well-being experiences and disconnection practices of Belgian adults. European Journal of Communication, 39(2), 122-144.

Abu-Mahfouz, S., Abd Halim, M. S., Bahkia, A. S., Alias, N., & Tambi, A. M. (2023). Sustainable human resource management practices in organizational performance: The mediating impacts of knowledge management and work engagement. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 19(2), 57-97.

Ahmad N. S. Z., & Abdul H. H. (2025). Unlocking employee agility through digital competency and empowerment. Advances in Business Research International Journal, 11(2), 1-23.

Akbar, M. A., Varias, V., Risa, T. D., Bhirawa, M. A., & Nugraha, R. (2025). Workplace stress in the era of digital transformation: A psychological approach to employee well-being. Riggs: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(3), 3496-3506.

Alfadel, A., Al-Kahtani, S. M., Al-Mekhlafi, A. W. A. G. S., Alhebri, A., & Ahmed, A. (2025). Fostering sustainable development: the role of green HRM and green work engagement. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 300-310.

Ansari, N. Y., Farrukh, M., and Raza, A. (2021). Green human resource management and employees pro-environmental behaviours: examining the underlying mechanism. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag., 28(1), 229–238.

Badrinarayanan, V., Rangarajan, D., Lai-Bennejean, C., Bowen, M., & Kaski, T. A. (2025). Digital transformation in sales organizations: antecedents of sales managers’ change readiness and championing behaviors. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 40(3), 586-610.

Baroni, M., Valdrighi, G., Guazzini, A., & Duradoni, M. (2025). “More than a Feeling”: How eco-anxiety shapes pro-environmental behaviors and the role of readiness to change. Sustainability, 17(13), 61-74.

Boutmaghzoute, H., Jebli, F., Aboramadan, M., & Cabral, C. (2025). Effect of green inclusive leadership on employee s’ CSR performance: a serial mediation analysis. Journal of Global Responsibility, 16(4), 815-831.

Büchi, M. (2024). Digital well-being theory and research. New Media Soc., 26(1), 172–189.

Charli, C. O., & Suharno, P. (2025). Analyzing the effect of green HRM on employee performance: the mediating role of artificial intelligence. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3837-3842.

Deng, D., Xu, G., & Qin, C. (2023). Influence of employees’ perception of digital transformation meaning on work engagement and well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 51(9), 1-13.

Devi, S. (2024). The impact of green human resource management practices on employee’s job performance. International Journal of Management, 13(3), 506-522.

El Dessouky, N. F., & Alquaiti, H. O. (2020). Impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on organizational performance. In 2020 Second international sustainability and resilience conference: Technology and innovation in building designs (51154) (pp. 1-4). Paris: IEEE.

Faeni, D. P. (2024). Green practices and employees’ performance: The mediating roles of green human resources management policies and knowledge development. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(8), 49-64.

Gennari, R., Matera, M., Morra, D., Melonio, A., & Rizvi, M. (2023). Design for social digital well-being with young generations: Engage them and make them reflect. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 173(10), 103-116.

Gupta, A., & Jangra, S. (2024). Green human resource management and work engagement: Linking HRM performance attributions. Sustainable Futures, 7(5), 100-114.

Hung, T., Luu, T. M. N., Nguyen, P., & Phung, D. T. (2024). An extension of social exchange theory and green human resource management to explain employee in-role green performance: insights for achieving sustainable development goals in the Vietnamese hospitality industry. Journal Of Lifestyle And Sdgs Review Editora Alumniin, 5(2), 43-63.

Lee, C. H., Wang, M. L., & Liu, M. S. (2017). When and how does psychological voice climate influence individual change readiness? The mediating role of normative commitment and the moderating role of work engagement. Frontiers in psychology, 8(4), 17-37.

Lillelien, K., & Jensen, M. T. (2025). Digital and digitized interventions for teachers’ professional well-being: a systematic review of work engagement and burnout using the job demands–resources theory. Education Sciences, 15(7), 799-811.

Lin, Z., Gu, H., Gillani, K. Z., & Fahlevi, M. (2024). Impact of green work–life balance and green human resource management practices on corporate sustainability performance and employee retention: Mediation of green innovation and organisational culture. Sustainability, 16(15), 66-81.

Lituhayu, A. S., Emilisa, N., Annabila, A. I., and Dovianton, R. (2024). Pengaruh green transformational leadership, environmental satisfaction terhadap employees environmental performance pada karyawan RS. Pelabuhan Jakarta. J. Cendekia Ilm., 4(1), 2980–2992.

Manoj, G., Jenefa, L., Sarah, S., Velmurugan, T., Ebenezer, and Çapraz, K. (2022). Impact of green HRM on work-life balance of employees in automobile industry: an empirical investigation. Qual. - Access to Success, 23(191), 129–136.

Masood, F., Khan, N. R., & Masood, E. (2024). Artificial intelligence and green human resource management: Navigating the challenges. In Exploring the intersection of AI and human resources management (pp. 140-165). Cambridge: IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Mathur, M., Kapoor, T., & Swami, S. (2023). Readiness for organizational change: the effects of individual and organizational factors. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 20(4), 730-757.

Meria, L., Prastyani, D., & Dudhat, A. (2022). The role of transformational leadership and self-efficacy on readiness to change through work engagement. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), 4(1), 77-88.

Meria, L., Yohana, C., & Purwohedi, U. (2023). Enhancing lecturer readiness to change: The mediation role of work engagement. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 229-236.

Panjaitan, M., Simatupang, S., Silalahi, M., & Simanjuntak, M. D. (2025). Determinants of career development on employee performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(3), 1599-1608.

Pasek, I. K., Lina, N. P. M., Siwantara, I. W., Sumetri, N. W., & Sukarta, I. W. (2022). Penerapan green human resource management (GHRM) dalam menciptakan inovasi produk dan proses pada industri kecil menengah kopi di Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 18(3), 271-282.

Pratiwi, E. A., & Masputri, R. A. (2025). Dimensions of readiness for change seen from the role of workplace well-being. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(3), 1501-1510.

Rahi, S., Alghizzawi, M., Ahmad, S., Munawar Khan, M., & Ngah, A. H. (2022). Does employee readiness to change impact organization change implementation? Empirical evidence from emerging economy. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(2), 235-253.

Sharma, R. (2024). Organizational culture and change management: strategies for fostering adaptability and resilience. Journal of Advanced Management Studies, 1(2), 25-30.

Sukardi, S., Djumarno, D., Herminingsih, A., Kasmir, K., Widayati, C. C., & Zairil, Z. (2023). The effect of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on the competitiveness of higher education mediated by knowledge management. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(2), 377-392.

Supriyadi, T., Sulistiasih, S., Rahmi, K. H., Pramono, B., & Fahrudin, A. (2025). The impact of digital fatigue on employee productivity and well-being: A scoping literature review. Environment and Social Psychology, 10(2), 1-13.

Talaja, A., & Dumanić, V. (2023). Organizational learning capacity as a mediator in change readiness–change success relationship. Ekonomska misao i praksa, 6(4), 34-41.

Turner, P. (2020). Employee engagement in contemporary organizations. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Wang, H., Ding, H., & Kong, X. (2023). Understanding technostress and employee well-being in digital work: the roles of work exhaustion and workplace knowledge diversity. International Journal of Manpower, 44(2), 334-353.

Wati, I. R., & Almadana, A. V. (2025). Improving employee performance through green human resource management practices. JBTI: Jurnal Bisnis: Teori dan Implementasi, 16(1), 103-120.

Yuningsih, E., Ismartaya, I., Harini, S., & Sumirat, C. (2025). Building green organizational citizenship behavior in the electronics industry: the role of green transformational leadership, green organization culture and green HRM. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(4), 3319-3324.